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Syntax propositional ‘atomic’ wffs: \(\mathsf{P, Q, R}\), … logical operators: \(\land, \lor, \to\) and \(\neg\) always-false absurdity constant: \(\bot\) 3.1.2. Semantic Interpretation (case) and argument For a given language \(\mathcal{L}\), an interpretation, valuation , or case, is an assignment of semantic values ( truth [T, or 1] or falsity [F, or 0]) to each formula of \(\mathcal{L}\).